山崩和泥流
影響
山崩發生於世界各地,是一種普遍現象。全球來說,山崩導致億萬美元的損傷,並通過直接觸擊每年殺害上千人民,造成健康危害。在美國,山崩導致二十億美元的損傷和每年五十的死亡人數。
泥流以它的崩塌速度和完全沒有預兆的觸擊而惡名昭彰。這些泥流經常流遍斜坡或離來源幾英哩的管道。當它挖起樹木、汽車和其它碎片,就會變得更強和危險。岩層的變動經常阻攔橋梁和會造成破壞性水災的支流。
山崩和泥流造成嚴重威脅健康。例如,迅速流動的水和岩層經常導致傷害。傷害和病症也起因於殘破的電子、水、煤氣和污水道。最後,作為最具破壞性的自然災害,基礎設施如車行道和鐵路的損傷,會危及市民和阻塞重要醫療保健和救援活動的入口。
資料來源
- "Landslides and Mudslides." Wikipedia. 17 Feb. 2006
- "Fact Sheet: Landslides and Mudflows." FEMA: Landslides. FEMA. 19 Feb. 2006 <http://www.fema.gov/hazards/landslides/landslif.shtm>
- "Fact Sheet: Landslides and Mudslides." Emergency Preparedness & Response. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 19 Feb. 2006 <http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/landslides.asp>.
- "Hazards." FEMA: Landslides. FEMA. 19 Feb. 2006 <http://www.fema.gov/hazards/landslides/>.
- "Landslides." U.S. Search and Rescue Task Force. President's Council on Service and Civic Participation. 19 Feb. 2006 <http://www.ussartf.org/landslides.htm>
- "U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 0071-00." Landslide Hazards. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. <http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0071-00>
- "USGS Landslide Hazards." Landslide Hazards Program. Dept. of Interterior, U.S. Geological Survey. 19 Feb. 2006 <http://landslides.usgs.gov/>